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Linear Programming VS Dynamic Programming

When considering about the difference between Linear Programming (LP) and Dynamic Programming (DP) isn't just about "math vs. code"; it’s about the structure of the decision space . LP is about spatial optimization within fixed boundaries(finding the best arrangement at one point in time within fixed constraints), while DP is about temporal optimization through a sequence of connected choices(finding the best outcome over time by breaking a problem into stages). Image generated with AI ⭕ Dynamic Programming (DP):   DP is a general framework used when a problem  has "overlapping subproblems" and an "optimal substructure". It is the standard for sequential decision-making, such as finding the shortest path or managing inventory over time.   ⭕Linear Programming (LP):  LP is a powerful tool for large-scale resource allocation where systems are highly structured. It is widely used in industries for logistics, production planning, and scheduling where ...

Streaming vs Batch databases

To understand the difference between Batch and Streaming databases, it’s best to stop thinking about the "database" as just a storage box and start thinking about how it handles time . The Simple Analogy: The Laundry vs. The Waterfall Batch Processing (The Laundry): You don't wash every sock the second you take it off. You wait until the basket is full (a "batch"), then run a cycle. You get a lot of clean clothes at once, but you have to wait for the cycle to finish to wear any of them. Streaming Processing (The Waterfall): Imagine standing under a waterfall with a cup. You aren't waiting for the river to stop; you are interacting with the water as it moves. You get a drink the instant the water hits your cup. I will use 2 scenarios to explain these 2 concepts; Scenario 1: The "Dull" Monthly Report (Batch) The Setup: A retail chain wants to know their total profit for November. How it works: At the end of the month, the system gathers millio...

Why are APIs so important?

This is a common example which is used to give the introduction to APIs - think of it as a waiter in a restaurant: you (the application) tell the waiter what you want from the kitchen (another application). The waiter (the API) takes your request, communicates it to the kitchen, and then brings the response (your food) back to you. You don't need to know how the kitchen operates, just how to order from the menu. APIs, or Application Programming Interfaces, act as a contract for communication between different software systems. They allow one piece of software (the client) to request services or data from another piece of software (the server or service provider) in a defined and structured way, without needing to know the internal workings of the other system. They are essentially a set of protocols that govern how software applications should interact. Now below I have discussed about the basics of APIs: types(web APIs and other types) and about the components of APIs. API Types A...

.NET Ecosystem Overview - Roadmap

In this blog series we'll discuss about a roadmap to learn .NET framework. There are 10 stages in this roadmap below I have listed the stages which will guide you when learning this framework; 🌐Introduction to the .NET Framework The .NET Framework is Microsoft’s powerful software development platform, first released in 2002 . Back then, building applications was often messy—developers had to deal with different programming languages, inconsistent APIs, and limited tools. Microsoft’s vision was simple: create a single, unified platform where developers could build desktop apps, web apps, and services using a common foundation. Over the years, .NET has evolved dramatically. It started with the classic .NET Framework , then moved to the open-source and cross-platform .NET Core , and finally merged into today’s modern .NET 5, 6, and beyond , which powers apps on Windows, Linux, macOS, mobile, and even cloud containers. Real-world apps built on .NET include Stack Overflow, Microsof...

Cybersecurity Career Paths: Explore Roles, Skills & Opportunities

Specialized teams are created to protect organizations from online threats. Among these, the Red Team, Blue Team, and Purple Team are the most common. Cybersecurity is not a one-size-fits-all profession. Within organizations, specialized teams are created to protect against digital threats, and each offers unique career paths depending on whether you’re more interested in offense, defense, or collaboration. Job Roles in Cybersecurity Red Team : Offensive Security If you enjoy thinking like an attacker, Red Team roles may be a great fit. Career paths here often start as penetration testers or ethical hackers , eventually progressing to Red Team operators who perform advanced adversary simulations. With experience, professionals can move into roles like Red Team Lead , Offensive Security Engineer , or even Chief Offensive Security Officer . These roles require creativity, persistence, and mastery of exploitation techniques. The Red Team acts like adversaries, simulating real-world atta...

How is a CPU Made? Step-by-Step Guide to Microchip Production

Making a CPU, which is the brain of a computer, is a very complex process. It starts with the design. Designers decide how the CPU will work, including how many cores it has and how fast it can process information. Before building it, they use computer programs to test the design and make sure it works correctly. We mainly use silicon as the raw material for the production process. Silicon is a material that comes from sand and can carry electricity when treated in certain ways, as it is a semi conductor . Now  lets dive into the production process of the microchip➡️ 🥇The silicon is purified and shaped into a large cylinder called an ingot . This cylinder is then sliced into very thin discs called wafers, which will become the base for all the CPU circuits. 🥈After that comes photolithography . This is a process where the CPU’s design is printed onto the wafer using light. A special chemical called photoresist is applied to the wafer, which reacts to light. The light makes certain...

Programming Without and With AI

👀Programming Without AI refers to traditional software development, where a computer program is designed to perform a specific set of tasks based on explicit rules coded by the programmer. Traditional  programming without AI relies on explicit rules and instructions written by humans. Every possible situation has to be anticipated in advance, and the program follows fixed logic to produce results.  In contrast, programming with AI allows systems to learn from data, adapt to new situations, and improve over time . The image below illustrates the fundamentals of AI, showing how it expands from general Artificial Intelligence into Machine Learning, Neural Networks, and Deep Learning , each adding more advanced capabilities. AI Layers Explained This layered structure highlights how modern AI has moved beyond simple rule-based systems into powerful learning models capable of tasks such as image recognition, natural language processing, and autonomous decision-making.  👀 Bef...